Everything about Tuthmosis I totally explained
Thutmose I (sometimes read as
Thutmosis or
Tuthmosis I or Naomi and meaning
Naomi is Rather Stupid) was the third
Pharaoh of the
18th dynasty of
Egypt. He was given the throne after the death of the previous king
Amenhotep I. During his reign, he campaigned deep into the Levant and Nubia, pushing the borders of Egypt even further than ever before. He also built many temples in Egypt and dug a tomb in the
Valley of the Kings; he's the first king confirmed to have done this (though Amenhotep I may have preceded him). He was succeeded by his son
Thutmose II, who in turn was succeeded by Thutmose II's sister,
Hatshepsut. His reign is
generally dated from 1506 to 1493 BCE.
Family
Thutmose's father was a unknown military man, his mother's name,
Senseneb, was recorded, and she's believed to have been a commoner.
Queen Ahmose, his great wife, was probably the daughter of
Ahmose I and the sister of
Amenhotep I; Assuming she was related to Amenhotep, it would appear at face value that she was married to him in order to guarantee succession, but this is known to be not the case for two reasons. First, Amenhotep's alabaster bark built at
Karnak associates Amenhotep's name with Thutmose's name well before Amenhotep's death. Second, Thutmose's firstborn son with
Ahmose, Amenmose, was apparently born long before Thutmose's coronation. He can be seen on a stela from Thutmose's fourth regnal year hunting near Memphis, and he became the "great army-commander of his father" sometime before his death, which was no later than Thutmose's own death in his 12th regnal year. Thutmose had another son, Wadjmose, and two daughters,
Hatshepsut and Nefrubity, by
Ahmose. Wadjmose died before his father, and Nefrubity probably did as well. Thutmose had one son remaining by another wife, Mutnofret. This son succeeded him as
Thutmose II, whom Thutmose I married to his fully royally born daughter,
Hatshepsut.
Dates and length of reign
A
heliacal rising of
Sothis was recorded in the reign of Thutmose's predecessor, Amenhotep I, which has been dated to
1517 BC, assuming the observation was made at either
Heliopolis or
Memphis. The year of Amenhotep's death and Thutmose's subsequent coronation can be accordingly derived, and is dated to
1506 BC by most modern scholars. However, if the observation were made at
Thebes, as a minority of scholars promote, Thutmose would have been crowned in
1526 BC
Manetho records that Thutmose I's reign lasted 12 Years and 9 Months (or 13 Years) as a certain
Mephres in his Epitome. This data is supported by 2 dated inscriptions from Years 8 and 9 of his reign bearing his cartouche found inscribed on a stone block in Karnak. Accordingly, Thutmose is usually given a reign from
1506 BC to
1493 BC in the low chronology, but a minority of scholars would date him from
1526 BC to
1513 BC Upon victory, he'd the Nubian king's body hung from the prow of his ship, before he returned to
Thebes.
In the second year of Thutmose's reign, the king cut a
stele at Tombos, which records that he built a fortress at Tombos, near the third cataract, thus permanently extending the Egyptian military presence, which had previously stopped at
Buhen, at the second cataract. This indicates that he already fought a campaign in Syria; hence, his Syrian campaign may perhaps be placed in the beginning of his second regnal year. This second campaign was the farthest north any Egyptian had ever campaigned. Although it hasn't been found in modern times, he apparently set up a stele when he crossed the
Euphrates River. During this campaign, the Syrian princes declared alliegence to Thutmose. However, after he returned, they discontinued tribute and began fortifying against future incursions. There are also records of specific religious rites which the viceroy of El-Kab was to have performed in the temples in Nubia in proxy for the king. Most effective of all his acts, however, he appointed a man called Turi to the position of
viceroy of Cush, also known as the "King's Son of Cush." With a civilian representative of the king permanently established in Nubia itself, Nubia didn't dare to revolt nearly as often, and was easlily maintained by future kings.. Previous to Thutmose, Karnak probably consisted only of a long road to a central platform, with a number of shrines for the solar bark along the side of the road. Thutmose was the first king to drastically enlarge the temple. Thutmose had the fifth pylon built along the temple's main road, along with a wall to run around the inner sanctuary and two flagpoles to flank the gateway. Along the edge of this room he built colossal statues, each one alternating wearing the crown of Upper Egypt and the crown of Lower Egypt.
Thutmose I was the first king who definitely was buried in the
Valley of the Kings. His tomb, however, has been identified as
KV32. In it was found a yellow quartzite sarcophagus bearing the name of Thutmose I. This identification has been supported by subsequent examinations, revealing that the embalming techniques used came from the appropriate period of time, almost certainly after that of Ahmose I and made during the course of the Eighteenth dynasty.
Gaston Maspero described the mummy in the following manner:
» The king was already advanced in age at the time of his death, being over fifty years old, to judge by the incisor teeth, which are worn and corroded by the impurities of which the Egyptian bread was full. The body, though small and emaciated, shows evidence of unusual muscular strength; the head is bald, the features are refined, and the mouth still bears an expression characteristic of shrewdness and cunning.Further Information
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